What came next
In 1261 the Mamluk sultan Baybars seated an Abbasid prince in Cairo as caliph. That symbolic caliphate lasted until the Ottomans took Egypt in 1517.
Map 8 of 11 · 1219 to 1260
Map of the Muslim world in 1260
The Mongol storm. Zoom in, compare the frontier with other centuries and tap a battle for the story.
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Battles
Battles on the 1260 map
Each one has its own page with the sides, the commanders and the result.
All maps
Eleven turning points
632The Prophet's state in Madinah610 to 632
644Abu Bakr and Umar: the great conquests632 to 644
661Uthman, Ali and the first civil war644 to 661
750The Umayyads of Damascus661 to 750
800The Abbasid golden age750 to 945
1000Three caliphs at once909 to 1055
1190The Crusades and Salahuddin1071 to 1192
1260The Mongol storm1219 to 1260
1683Three gunpowder empires1453 to 1707
1923The end of the caliphate1914 to 1924
2026Nation states and modern wars1948 to 2026
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Khilafat aur Jangen puts this history in one Urdu PDF: 64 pages, 14 maps, family trees, charts and timelines from 632 to 2026.
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