Modern wars · 1947 to 1948

First Kashmir War

Fought within months of Partition over the princely state of Kashmir. The ceasefire line split Kashmir between Pakistan and India, and the dispute is still unresolved.

The site of the battle on the 1923 map. Shaded: Republic of Turkey, 1923, French mandate, British mandate or occupation, British protection or influence.

Key facts

When: 1947 to 1948
Where: Jammu and Kashmir
Sides: Pakistan and tribal forces vs India
Result: UN ceasefire, 1 January 1949
Type: Modern wars
Chapter: 7. The Modern Muslim World

Who led it

Muhammad Ali Jinnah1876 to 1948
Lawyer and leader of the All-India Muslim League who led the campaign for Pakistan.

The wider picture: The end of the caliphate

The Ottomans entered the First World War on Germany's side and lost. Britain and France divided the Arab lands under the Sykes-Picot agreement and the mandates that followed, and British troops entered Jerusalem in December 1917. In Anatolia, Mustafa Kemal won the war of independence and declared a republic in October 1923.

See the 1923 map Read chapter 7

More modern wars battles

All 18 modern wars in the muslim world battles · Battle explorer

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