Rulers
List of Umayyad Caliphs, 661 to 750
14 Umayyad caliphs ruled from 661 to 750. The average reign lasted 6.4 years and the longest was Abd al-Malik's, at 20 years. 2 were killed and 1 deposed or stepped down.
14rulers
6.4years, average reign
20 yrslongest: Abd al-Malik
2killed (14%)
Every ruler, with the length of each reign
1Muawiya I
661 to 680
Died naturally. Governor of Syria for twenty years before becoming caliph. Named his son Yazid as heir. Reigned 661 to 680.
2Yazid I
680 to 683
Died naturally. His reign saw Karbala, the sack of Madinah at Harra and the first siege of Makkah. Reigned 680 to 683.
3Muawiya II
683 to 684
Died naturally. Ruled a few months and died young. Reigned 683 to 684.
4Marwan I
684 to 685
Died naturally. Won Marj Rahit and founded the Marwanid line. Reports of how he died differ. Reigned 684 to 685.
5Abd al-Malik
685 to 705
Died naturally. Ended the second civil war, made Arabic the language of government and built the Dome of the Rock. Reigned 685 to 705.
6al-Walid I
705 to 715
Died naturally. Spain, Sindh and Transoxiana were conquered in his reign. Built the Umayyad Mosque of Damascus. Reigned 705 to 715.
7Sulayman
715 to 717
Died naturally. Launched the great siege of Constantinople. Reigned 715 to 717.
8Umar II (Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz)
717 to 720
Died naturally. Famous for justice and piety. Some sources say he was poisoned. Reigned 717 to 720.
9Yazid II
720 to 724
Died naturally. Reigned 720 to 724.
10Hisham
724 to 743
Died naturally. The last strong Umayyad caliph. Reigned 724 to 743.
11al-Walid II
743 to 744
Killed. Killed in a revolt led by his cousin Yazid III. Reigned 743 to 744.
12Yazid III
744 to 744
Died naturally. Died of illness after six months. Reigned 744 to 744.
13Ibrahim
744 to 744
Deposed or abdicated. Pushed aside by Marwan II within months. Reigned 744 to 744.
14Marwan II
744 to 750
Killed. Lost at the Zab and was killed in Egypt by Abbasid troops. Reigned 744 to 750.
Bars run from 661 to 750. Reign years follow the usual dates in the standard histories; a few rulers who were deposed and later killed are counted as killed. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.
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People
How reigns ended, all six dynasties
Rashidun Caliphs5 rulers · 632 to 661
131
60% killed
Umayyad Caliphs14 rulers · 661 to 750
1121
14% killed
Abbasid Caliphs of Baghdad37 rulers · 750 to 1258
22105
27% killed
Ottoman Sultans36 rulers · 1299 to 1922
21510
14% killed
Mughal Emperors18 rulers · 1526 to 1857
1134
17% killed
Kings of Saudi Arabia7 rulers · 1932 to today
4111
14% killed
Died naturallyKilledDeposed or abdicatedStill reigning
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